Are you considering a heat pump to optimize your home heating system? Many homeowners prefer heat pumps to other HVAC alternatives. Heat pumps require electric power, not gas, which many homeowners prefer; they also circulate heat instead of generating it, making them more energy-efficient and cost-effective.
Green-conscious consumers also cite heat pumps’ low environmental impact, which adds to their appeal. Unlike older HVAC systems, modern heat pumps are relatively quiet and move heat year-round to facilitate continuous comfort.
Heat pump maintenance ensures long-lasting efficiency. With proper maintenance, some heat pumps can last for 25 years, while the average lifespan is around 10 to 15 years.
Here are a few maintenance tips to remember for optimal heat pump care.
Installing a Heat Pump
The right HVAC maintenance care starts with proper installation. Avoid DIY heat pump installations and call an HVAC professional instead. While DIY installations are not recommended, every homeowner should research the installation process to know what to look for in a qualified contractor.
Understanding heat pumps inside and out will help you identify issues that need to be inspected or repaired by a professional.
A regular heat pump contains the following parts:
- Thermostat
- Refrigerant lines
- Condensor and evaporator coils
- Compression
- Accumulator
- Expansion and reversing valves
- Pressure switches
Look for a technician experienced in heat pump installation. Discuss your needs, including your home’s capacity, and the technician will provide a job quote. An HVAC inspection may also be necessary to ensure the heat pump is installed in a proper place.
How Does a Heat Pump Work?
Learning how a heat pump operates will help you troubleshoot issues the moment something feels off.
Heat pumps pull in heat from the exterior of a home or building to transfer it inside. During warmer months, the same heat pump can move warm out outside of the home.
Heat pump technology works similarly to an air conditioner. Both devices require refrigerant lines.
However, unlike an AC, a heat pump has a reversal valve which allows it to function like a heater. Therefore, a heat pump is like a reverse air conditioner in how it functions.
Heat pumps source heat from the ground or outside, effectively pulling the heat over the pump’s heat exchange exterior. This heat is necessary for converting refrigerant liquid into gas. The newly formed gas is transferred to a compressor which causes the pump’s temperature to increase via pressure.
The heated gas moves through the pump’s internal heat exchange part. At this stage, the heat pump can circulate warm air through the home or transfer it to a central heating system. Heat pumps may also work in conjunction with hot water systems.
The heat pump’s gas eventually returns to its original liquid refrigerant state as the home warms up. The pump will repeat the reversal refrigeration cycle until the system’s thermostat reads the desired temperature.
Types of Heat Pumps
There are two primary types of heat pumps, air and ground source. The first version extracts heat from the air surrounding building exteriors, even on cold days. The second type pulls heat from the ground only.
The two air-source heat pumps are air-to-water and air-to-heat. An air-to-water pump extracts heat from the atmosphere outside and transfers it to a boiler-operated heating system, also known as a wet central heating system. An air-to-system pump system transfers heated air through a system of fans.
Ground source heat pumps require a network of water pipes underground, also known as a ground loop. A mixture of anti-freeze and water is compressed before moving through the heat exchanger; this process extracts the heat for the heat pump. This heat is ideal for underground heating systems, hot water, and radiators.
Hybrid heat pumps are also available. These devices combine ground and air processes and automatically assess and select the appropriate heat extraction method.
Heat Pump Maintenance Tips
Routine heat pump maintenance starts after an HVAC technician installs the device. This routine begins with proper filter cleaning and periodic replacement. The heat pump manufacturer may also have a recommended timeline for filter maintenance.
Your heat pump filters will likely require more cleaning if there are pets in the home. Replace filters every three months (90 days) if the heat pump has a ductless system. You may also rinse off vacuum ductless heat pump filters.
Outdoor heat pump devices can attract dirt, insects, snow, and other debris if not maintained regularly. Always check for ice buildup in cold months. These types of heat pumps should sit on an elevated platform to avoid water and electrical damage from potential flooding.
Since heat pumps have heating and cooling modes, make sure to clean out the heating mechanism before switching to air conditioning mode.
Signs Your Heat Pump Needs Repair
You’re now better able to spot signs of repair or replacement. The most obvious sign to watch is a heat pump that won’t power on. This issue may indicate a connection problem with the thermostat or a breaker problem.
Whenever there’s a problem, check the thermostat first. This part can be easily replaced if necessary. Check the circuit breakers to ensure every switch is fixed in the right position.
You may need a reverse valve replacement if only the heat or the air conditioner valve works. Heat pumps are supposed to extract and move hot and cold air.
Another telltale sign is the lack of warm and cold air output from the pump. On the other hand, a pump that’s always running is also a problem. This issue could be related to a broken thermostat or a broken compressor.
Of course, always look out for strange noises or smells coming from the pump. Musty and burning smells should be dealt with immediately. Refrigerant leaks are another critical sign to watch.
Learn More About a Pump Heating System
The more you know, the more cost-effective your heat pump maintenance routine will be. Talk to a professional about the above tips and discover even more ways to extend the lifespan of your system.
The Ranvier Group is a trusted leader in heat pump equipment and maintenance. Our leadership team brings nearly 30 years of experience in the HVAC engineering industry and is dedicated to educating industry leaders on the latest engineering developments.
Contact us today to learn more about the value of heat pump equipment and maintenance.